---------------------------------- PKZIP for WINDOWS(R) USER MANUAL ---------------------------------- Copyright (C) 1996 PKWARE, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any other language in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, whether it be electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual or otherwise, without prior written consent of PKWARE, Inc. PKWARE, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AS TO THIS SOFTWARE, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, FUNCTIONALITY, DATA INTEGRITY OR PROTECTION. PKWARE, the PKWARE logo, PKZIP, and PKSFX are registered trademarks of PKWARE, Inc. Trademarks of other companies mentioned in this documentation appear for identification purposes only and are the property of their respective companies. CHAPTER ONE: WELCOME TO PKZIP FOR WINDOWS Overview: This chapter contains an introduction to PKZIP for Windows, including information about the technical support services offered to you as a valued PKZIP user. Sections in This Chapter: • What PKZIP Can Do For You • Operating System and Memory Requirements • About This Manual • Using Help • Using PKWARE Technical Support WHAT PKZIP CAN DO FOR YOU Welcome to PKZIP! The world's most popular data compression program teams with the most widely-used interface to give you expert data compression that's easy to use. With PKZIP, you can create .ZIP files, extract files from a .ZIP file, and add files to a .ZIP file. You can also make it easier for someone to extract from a .ZIP file that you created by making a self-extracting .ZIP file. They don't even need PKZIP to extract from a self-extracting .ZIP file. When you compress files, is speed a priority? Do you prefer greater compression over speed? PKZIP provides several options that allow "you" to determine how you want your files compressed. Whatever your compression needs, PKZIP accommodates those needs. COMPATIBILITY WITH PKZIP FOR DOS PKZIP for Windows is fully compatible with PKZIP for DOS. You can extract files using PKZIP for Windows that were originally compressed using PKZIP for DOS, and vice versa. OPERATING SYSTEM AND MEMORY REQUIREMENTS PKZIP runs on any computer that uses Microsoft Windows 3.1 and up. PKZIP is compatible with Windows95, and supports long filenames. ABOUT THIS MANUAL This manual is organized into easy-to-follow chapters that correspond with the tasks you can perform with PKZIP (for example, create a .ZIP file or extract from a .ZIP file). The first page of each chapter contains a brief overview and a list of main sections in that chapter. If you have minimal experience with Microsoft Windowsฎ, we recommend that you read Chapter 2 - Basic Procedures. This chapter contains basic information on "moving around" the PKZIP screen. If you have never used a Windows application, consult a Windows manual before you continue. Some parameters you can set require you to type DOS commands, for example a directory path. If you don't have a lot of experience with DOS, consult a DOS manual. Once you've learned how to create a new .ZIP file in the Creating a New .ZIP File chapter, you will be ready to learn what you can do with existing .ZIP files. Chapters 3 through 6 guide you through each task. REPORTING ERRORS AND WARNINGS As with any software product, circumstances can arise that cause an error or warning. Appendix A: Interpreting Error and Warning Messages contains a description of each error and warning you might encounter, including information on how to avoid and resolve them. Some of the most common errors are documented within the chapters. You can also get help "online" using PKZIP help. USING HELP PKZIP provides comprehensive online help so you can get the information you need quickly and easily. PKZIP help contains general information on PKZIP and step-by-step instructions for every task. To access Help, do one of the following: • To access the Help menu, select Help from the Menu bar. The Help menu appears. • To access the main help screen, select Index from the Help menu or press F1 from anywhere within PKZIP. For complete online instructions on using help, select Using Help from the Help menu. USING PKWARE TECHNICAL SUPPORT We hope that using PKZIP is as enjoyable and trouble-free as possible. Our goal is to provide you with the best product and documentation possible. However, problems and questions might arise. In most cases, you'll be able to answer those questions or solve the problems by using this manual and the online help. But when you need further assistance, you can reach the PKWARE Technical Support Department in the following ways: • Support conferences. • America Online. • CompuServe. • PKWARE Bulletin Board Service (BBS). • Internet/Usenet. • Calling/Faxing a Technical Support Representative. Remember, always refer to this manual before you use one of these options. PREPARING TO USE TECHNICAL SUPPORT The more information you provide, the easier it will be for PKWARE Technical Support Representatives to help you. Before you use one of the technical support services, please have the following information handy: • The version number of PKZIP. • The "exact" steps you performed prior to noticing the problem and any error messages that appeared on your screen. Note: Be prepared to FAX or email a copy of the error messages. To help you organize this information, use the Customer Support Form at the end of this chapter. USING SUPPORT CONFERENCES PKWARE maintains support conferences on several Bulletin Board Service (BBS) networks. These include ILink, SmartNet, and Rime. You may leave a question in the PKWARE support conference using any of these networks, and a Technical Support Representative or fellow PKZIP user will provide an answer. Several other BBS networks also offer PKWARE product conferences, but those are not necessarily monitored by PKWARE. USING THE PKWARE BBS PKWARE maintains its own BBS. It is normally available 24 hours a day and it supports all baud rates from 1200 to 28.8k. To use this BBS, set your communications software to the following: 8 bits 1 stop bit no parity Note: The BBS is not in service between 9:00a.m. and 10:00a.m. Central Time. For your convenience, the PKWARE BBS has multiple phone lines, offers the latest in PKWARE shareware, and gives you the ability to download many other files. You can reach the PKWARE BBS at the following number: (414) 354-8670 USING AMERICA ONLINE PKWARE has a support service on America Online (AOL). By using the PKWARE keyword, you can access frequently-asked questions, download related files, and leave questions on our message board. Our AOL mailing address is: pkwaresup@aol.com USING COMPUSERVE PKWARE Technical Support Representatives maintain a discussion forum on CompuServe. To reach the forum, type GO PKWARE from any CompuServe prompt. PKWARE is located in area 11. Our CompuServe access number is: 75300,730 USING INTERNET/USENET PKWARE products are frequently discussed in the newsgroup comp.compression. Internet newsgroups are not supported directly by PKWARE. Use the Internet/Usenet to electronically mail PKWARE Technical Support. The Internet address is: http://www.pkware.com PKWARE's email address is: support@pkware.com CALLING A PKWARE TECHNICAL SUPPORT REPRESENTATIVE The most direct way to receive assistance about PKZIP is to call a PKWARE Technical Support Representative on the phone. The PKWARE Technical Support Department is available Monday through Friday from 9:00a.m. to 5:00p.m. Central Time. Before you call, we recommend that you FAX the necessary information. This gives the Technical Support Representative some time to review your problem and offer a solution. Please indicate on the FAX that you will be calling. The PKWARE FAX number is: (414) 354-8559 If you have determined that your problem is serious and needs immediate attention, feel free to call the PKWARE Technical Support Department at the following number: (414) 354-8699 USING THE PKWARE CUSTOMER SUPPORT FORM For your convenience, we have provided a Customer Support Form to help you record the information you need to accurately report the problem you are experiencing. We recommend that you make several copies of this form, which appears on the next page. Customer Support Form Customer Information: Your Name: Company Name: Voice Phone Number: FAX Phone Number: Address: City and State: ZIP code and County: Email ID (any): System Configuration Information Software Version: Computer Model/Make: Windows or Win95 Version: Drive Model/Vendor: Problem Information Problem: Description: (Use back) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER TWO: BASIC PROCEDURES Overview: This chapter shows you how to start and exit PKZIP, and how to move around the menus and dialog boxes. Sections in This Chapter: • Introduction • Starting PKZIP • Exploring the Menu bar • Exploring the Tool bar • Using Dialog Boxes • What's Next? INTRODUCTION PKZIP works like most other Windows applications. The PKZIP screen contains a Menu bar, dialog boxes, and OK and Cancel buttons. This chapter shows you how to start PKZIP, and also gives you a quick tour of the elements of the PKZIP screen, what a typical dialog box looks like, and how to perform basic procedures that give you the skills you need to use PKZIP. If you've used several Windows applications before, this chapter might be a bit elementary. But if you are relatively new to the Windows world, this chapter - and perhaps Microsoft Windows documentation - will help you. STARTING PKZIP You start PKZIP the same as you do other Windows applications. To start PKZIP, locate the PKZIP icon and double click on that icon. The PKZIP main application screen appears. The Menu bar and Tool bar change depending on whether you are creating a new .ZIP file or opening an existing .ZIP file. Refer to the sections below for more information. EXITING PKZIP To exit PKZIP, do one of the following: • Double-click on the upper left corner of the PKZIP main application screen. • Select the Exit option from the File menu. • While holding down the ALT key, press F4. EXPLORING THE MENU BAR The Menu bar contains options that allow you to perform tasks, for example, compress and extract a file. When you first start PKZIP, only two options appear on your Menu bar, which looks like the following: To select an option from the Menu bar, do one of the following: • Click the left button of your mouse on the desired option. • Hold down the ALT key and type the letter that is underlined (for example, the "F" in File). Select this option: To: ------------------------------- File Create a new .ZIP file, open an existing .ZIP file, or exit PKZIP. Help Get help on using PKZIP. CHANGING MENU BAR WHEN OPENING a .ZIP FILE When you open a .ZIP file, your Menu bar changes to look like the following: These options allow you to perform tasks on an existing .ZIP file, for example, extract or delete a file. The following is a description of each option: Select this option: To: ------------------------------- File Create a new .ZIP file, open an existing .ZIP file, or exit PKZIP. Zip Add a file to an existing .ZIP file, delete a file from a .ZIP file, or change your .ZIP preferences. Unzip Extract a file from a .ZIP file, test the integrity of a file, or change your Unzip preferences. Sort Select a sorting method for the files within a .ZIP file that are displayed in the current window. Select Select files within a .ZIP file to perform a task on those files. View Zoom in and out of the .ZIP file, or change your View preferences. Window Perform general Windows functions, such as cascade and tile. Help Get help on using PKZIP. EXPLORING THE TOOL BAR Tool bar buttons provide you with a shortcut to the menu options and tasks you are going to perform, for example, opening a .ZIP file. To select a Tool bar button, click the left button of your mouse once on the desired button. When you first start PKZIP, only two menu options are turned on (highlighted) on your Tool bar. The remaining options are shaded out, which means that you cannot use those until you open a .ZIP file. USING DIALOG BOXES PKZIP uses dialog boxes that contain such elements as scroll lists, radio buttons, command buttons, text boxes, and checkboxes. You work with these elements as you do in other Windows applications. The example below illustrates radio buttons, checkboxes, command buttons, and popup dialogs: To cancel changes and close a dialog box, do one of the following: • Click Cancel. • Press ESC. • Double-click on the upper left part of the PKZIP main application screen. To accept changes and close the dialog box, click on OK. WHAT'S NEXT Now that you've become familiar with the elements of the PKZIP screen, it's time to start using PKZIP to compress and extract your files. The next chapter, Creating a New .ZIP File, gets you started with compressing files. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CHAPTER THREE: CREATING A NEW .ZIP FILE Overview: This chapter shows you how to create a new .ZIP file, including information on setting .ZIP parameters that provide flexibility to your data compression. Sections in This Chapter: • Introduction • Creating a .ZIP File • Selecting Files to Compress • Setting .ZIP Preferences • Creating a .ZIP File Using Drag and Drop • What's Next? INTRODUCTION Creating a .ZIP file with PKZIP is quick and easy! You can create a regular .ZIP file or a self-extracting .ZIP file. When you create a .ZIP file, you give that file a name, then select the files you want to compress and put into that .ZIP file. With PKZIP, you can also use the Windows drag and drop feature to make creating a .ZIP file even more easy. Refer to Creating a .ZIP File Using Drag and Drop for more information. Customizing your data compression is easy to do with PKZIP. Before you create a .ZIP file, consider the following: • Do you prefer speed or compression? • Would you like directory path information stored in your .ZIP file? • Will you send .ZIP files to others? If so, would a self-extracting .ZIP benefit them? • Do you want to protect your .ZIP file with a password? For more information on PKZIP options, refer to the Setting .ZIP Preferences section in this chapter, or take advantage of the comprehensive online help that is available. REGULAR vs. Self-Extracting .ZIP Files With PKZIP, you can create two types of .ZIP files: regular and self-extracting. A regular .ZIP file contains only the compressed files, and you need PKZIP installed on your system to extract the files. A self-extracting . ZIP file contains the compressed files "and" built-in instructions that allows you to extract files without having PKZIP (it also contains a different extension, .EXE). This is helpful when you send someone a .ZIP file who doesn't have PKZIP. CREATING A NEW .ZIP FILE Creating a new .ZIP file involves the following: • Naming your .ZIP file. • Selecting files to compress. • Changing .ZIP parameters, if needed. To create a .ZIP file: 1. At the PKZIP main application screen, click on File. The following menu appears: 2. Click on New. The following dialog box appears: 3. In the Save File as Type box, select the type of .ZIP file you want to create. The default is .ZIP File (*.ZIP), which is a regular .ZIP file. Note: If you are creating a .ZIP file, you can skip this step. Select one of the following: • .ZIP File (*.ZIP) • PKSFX File (*.EXE) • PKSFX-Jr File (*.EXE) Refer to Regular vs. Self-Extracting .ZIP Files earlier in this chapter for more information. 4. Type a name for your .ZIP file. If you selected .EXE as a .ZIP file type, PKZIP automatically inserts a .EXE extension. If you did not change the .ZIP file type and you do not include an extension, PKZIP automatically inserts the .ZIP extension for you. You can give this file any extension you want. Note: PKZIP will put the .ZIP file in the directory you were in when you selected New, or the directory in which you changed, if you changed directories. You can also specify a directory using the Directories button in the ZIP Preferences dialog. Refer to Setting .ZIP Preferences later in this chapter for more information. 5. When you have finished with this dialog box, click on OK. The Add Files dialog box appears. 6. Select the files you want to compress into your .ZIP file, and set any preferences using the Preferences button on the Add Files dialog box. For information on selecting files, go to the Selecting Files to Compress section, then follow step 7 below. For information on setting preferences, go to the Setting .ZIP Preferences section, then follow step 7 below. 7. If you want to assign a password to your .ZIP file, click on Password. If you want to remove the original files from your hard drive after compressing them into the .ZIP file, click on Move. 8. When you have finished selecting files, click on OK to start compressing. 9. If: Do the following: ---------------------------------------------------------- The Add Status box appears appears Go to What Happens When PKZIP Compresses. The Password dialog box appears 1. Type a password for your .ZIP file and click on OK. Passwords are case sensitive. If you decide not to assign a password, click on Cancel. 2. Go to What Happens When PKZIP Compresses. The Directories dialog box appears 1. Select a directory that will serve as the reference point for your relative path, then click on OK. For example, if you selected a directory called \swap\catalog\995, PKZIP would store paths relative to that directory. 2. Go to What Happens When PKZIP Compresses. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN PKZIP COMPRESSES When PKZIP starts to compress, the Add Status box shows the status for: • Each file being compressed (File Progress). • The entire .ZIP file (.ZIP Progress). Under File Progress, PKZIP shows the percentage of completion for each file individually. Under Total Progress, PKZIP shows the percentage of completion for the entire compression. When a file has finished compressing, PKZIP displays 100% under File Progress. In the box next to each file, PKZIP displays the percentage that the file was compressed into. For example, if PKZIP compressed a file to 42% of its normal size, PKZIP would display "42%." When PKZIP has finished compressing all files, the Add Status box changes. PKZIP displays 100% under Total Progress and the word Done appears at the end of the file list. At the bottom of the box, a Done button replaces the Cancel button. When you see this information, click on Done. The Add Status box closes and PKZIP displays the files that you just compressed. This window is called the .ZIP File Display Window and is referenced as such throughout this manual. This window contains information on all the files within the .ZIP file. For detailed information on the .ZIP File Display Window, refer to the next chapter, Opening a .ZIP File. SELECTING FILES TO COMPRESS PKZIP provides four methods to select files: • Select individual files from the Windows file list. • Select all files in the current directory. • Select all files that match a file pattern. • Manually select files by typing a filename, file pattern, or directory. Even after you've selected the files to compress, you can change your mind and exclude or remove files from your list. Refer to the Excluding Files From Your List section before you click on OK to start compressing. When you are finished selecting files, go step 8 under Creating a New .ZIP File. SELECTING INDIVIDUAL FILES To select individual files to compress, click on a file in the Windows file list, then click on Add Files or double-click on the file. The files appear in the Files & Directories to ZIP box. Every file or file pattern you select appears in this box. The Windows file list works like any other Windows application. You can change drives (using the Drives box), change directories, and click & drag to select more than one file. The Add Files button will not be highlighted until you select a file. ADDING ALL FILES FILES IN A DIRECTORY To select all files in the current directory, click on Add Directory. PKZIP adds all files in the current directory to the Files & Directories to ZIP box. Note: PKZIP does not display every file, only the directory path and the wildcard notation *.*. For example, if you selected all files from the \fruit\citrus directory, PKZIP would display \fruit\citrus\*.* ADDING FILES THAT MATCH A PATTERN When you compress files, you don't have to select a specific file. You can enter a file pattern, for example, all files that end in .TXT. These patterns are called "filters" and the default filter is *.* , which means all files in the current directory. To add files that match a pattern: 1. Type the pattern in the Filter box. You can type more than one pattern. Separate each pattern with a semicolon (;). 2. Click on Add Filter. PKZIP displays your selection in the Files & Directories to ZIP box. EXCLUDING FILES THAT MATCH A PATTERN PKZIP allows you to exclude files that match a specific pattern. For example, if you don't want to compress files that end in .DLL, you can type *.DLL as your pattern. To exclude files: 1. Type the pattern in the Filter box. You can type more than one pattern. Separate each pattern with a semicolon (;). 2. Click on Exclude Filter. PKZIP displays your selection in the Files & Directories to ZIP box. For example, if you excluded all .DLL files, PKZIP would display the following: Exclude=*.dll ADDING FILES MANUALLY PKZIP allows you to add files manually, which means you can type the directory path or location and the filename instead of clicking in the Windows file list box. Follow the DOS rules for typing directory paths and filenames, as if you were typing at a DOS command prompt. You can also use DOS wildcards, for example, *.* To add files manually: 1. Click on Manually Add. The Manual Add dialog box appears. 2. Type the filename or file pattern. To "exclude" a pattern, click on the Exclude radio button. When you are finished, click on OK. EXCLUDING FILES FROM YOUR LIST After you've compiled a list of files to compress (in the Files & Directories to ZIP box), PKZIP allows you to "change your mind" and remove files from that list. For example, you might want to exclude all files that end in .TXT. To: Do the following: -------------------------------------------------------- Remove all files from the list 1. Click on Remove all. The Remove all dialog box appears. 2. To remove all files from the list, click on OK. To "not" remove the files, click on Cancel. PKZIP removes all files from the Files & Directories to ZIP box. Remove selected files 1. Select the file(s) you want to remove by clicking on them in the list. 2. Click on Remove. PKZIP removes all selected files from the Files & Directories to ZIP box. Exclude the files from being 1. Select the file(s) you want to compressed but "not" remove exclude by clicking on them in the list. them from the list 2. Click on Toggle Include/Exclude. PKZIP inserts the text "Exclude =" in front of each file or file pattern you selected to exclude. To include the file(s) again, select the files and click on Toggle Include/Exclude. SETTING .ZIP PREFERENCES When you create a new .ZIP file or add files to an existing .ZIP file, PKZIP allows you to change .ZIP preferences. Preferences are optional parameters you can set to customize your data compression. For example, you can specify a compression method or include directory pathnames in your .ZIP file. 1. If you are in the Add Files dialog box, click on Preferences. If you are in the .ZIP File Display Window, select Zip from the Menu bar and Preferences from the Zip menu. The ZIP Preferences dialog box appears. Take a careful look at this dialog box. Ask yourself which settings would apply to you and which default settings are acceptable. Several of these settings affect what is compressed, and in some cases, how much information is included in a .ZIP file. 2. Make changes by clicking on the appropriate radio button(s) or checkbox(es). A description of each area of the dialog box appears below. Step 3 in this section immediately follows these descriptions. COMPRESSION AREA Use this area to select a compression method. Compression methods range from fast with less compression to just storing files with no compression. You can only select one of these methods. The default is Normal, which offers the best balance of speed and compression. Click on this field: If you want: ------------------------------------------------ Super fast The fastest compression method, but the least compression. If speed is your priority, this method is for you. Fast The second fastest but the second least compression. Normal The best balance of speed and compression. This is the default method. Extra The most compression, but also the slowest. Store (no compression) No compression. PKZIP stores the file in the .ZIP file. ATTRIBUTES AREA Use this area to select files that contain specific attributes or that represent a specific file type. Every file has several properties or attributes associated with it. These attributes are described below. Click on this field: If you want to: ----------------------------------------------------- Read-only Include read-only files in your .ZIP file. Read-only files are files that cannot be changed or deleted. Hidden Include hidden files in your .ZIP file. Hidden files are usually system files that cannot be displayed in the Add Files dialog box, or any other area where files are displayed. System Include system files in your .ZIP file. System files are files associated with the operating system. For example, when you install Windows, special system files are created. Retain attributes Retain the attributes of files within the .ZIP file. .ZIP FILE DATE AREA Use this area to set the date of the .ZIP file being created. The default is Today's date. Click on this field: To use: --------------------------------------------- Today's date Today's date as the date of the .ZIP file. This is the default. Newest date The date of the newest file being compressed in this .ZIP file. Oldest date The date of the oldest file being compressed in this .ZIP file. Retain .ZIP Date The current .ZIP date. ARCHIVE BIT AREA This area allows you to compress files based on the status of the archive bit of a file. Every file contains an archive attribute. This attribute is turned on when a file is just created or when it is changed. When a file has been backed up by a program that uses this attribute, the attribute is turned off. Click on: If you want to: --------------------------------------------------- .ZIP if archive bit set Compress files that have had their archive bit set. Clear archive bit Clear the archive bit after it compresses the file. MISCELLANEOUS AREA This area contains additional criteria you can set to customize your data compression. Do the following: If you want: ----------------------------------------------------------- Click on Include Subdirectories (Recurse) PKZIP to compress files that appear in subdirectories of the directory you specified. For example, if you selected the Add Entire Directory option in the Add Files dialog box, even files that reside in a subdirectory will be compressed. Click on Store Volume Label from "and" PKZIP to include the volume select the drive letter associated label of a selected drive with with the appropriate volume label the .ZIP file. Every drive on your computer is referred to as a "volume." This includes your hard disk drives and floppy drives. Each of these drives can contain a volume label, which is text that identifies that drive. For example, when you format a floppy disk, you can assign that disk a volume label. PATH INFORMATION AREA Use this area to specify how much directory path information you want to include with each file within the .ZIP file. A "path" is a directory or subdirectory in which a file is located. For example, if a file called new is located under a directory called resume, and the resume directory is located under a directory called doc on the C: hard drive, the full pathname would be C:\doc\resume\new. The Path Information area allows you store path information within the .ZIP file. If you don't store path information in a .ZIP file, you cannot re-create the directory path when you extract files. Click on this field: If you: -------------------------------------------- No path information Do not want directory path information stored in the .ZIP file. Relative path Want only relative path information included in your .ZIP file. When you start compressing, PKZIP prompts you to enter a default directory for your relative path. A relative path is a directory path that is "relative" to another location. For example, "..\resume" means one directory back from the directory you are in, with the directory under ..\ being resume. If you click on this field, PKZIP will store the "..\", when applicable. Full path Want the full directory path information in your .ZIP file. A full path is the entire directory path, starting from the root directory. (The root directory is the base directory, for example, C:\) If a file appears in the \fruit\citrus\temp directory, if you click on Full path, PKZIP will store the fruit\citrus\temp pathname with the file. DIRECTORIES BUTTON Use this button to change the default location when you add files to your .ZIP file, or to change the default location when you open .ZIP files. When you click on the Directories button, the Directories dialog appears. ADD FILES DEFAULT DIRECTORY AREA Use this area to indicate which directory to start at when selecting files to compress. Click on this field: To use: ------------------------------------------ System default directory The system default directory as the initial location for selecting files to compress. This is the directory in which the PKZIP programs are installed. This is the default when you create a .ZIP file for the first time using PKZIP. Active .ZIP directory The current location of the active .ZIP file. Last Add Files directory The directory from which the last file you added in Add Files came. This is the default directory "after" the first time you create a .ZIP file using PKZIP. Specified directory Any directory that you want. Use the Browse button to locate that directory. OPEN ZIP DEFAULT DIRECTORY AREA Use this area to specify the default directory for when you open a .ZIP file. Click on this field: To use: ------------------------------------------ System default directory The system default directory as the location for your .ZIP files. This is the directory in which the PKZIP programs are installed. This is the default when you create a .ZIP file for the first time using PKZIP. Active .ZIP directory The current location of the active .ZIP file. This is the default directory "after" the first time you create a .ZIP file using PKZIP. Last Open files directory The directory from which the last file you added in Add Files came. Specified directory Any directory that you want. Use the Browse button to locate that directory. TEMPORARY .ZIP DIRECTORY AREA Use this area to specify a temporary .ZIP directory. For example, when you are updating a .ZIP on your hard drive, you might want to put it into a temporary directory first instead of the directory in which the updated .ZIP file resides. You might want to compare an updated version with a non- updated version, or maybe you want to make sure that the updating worked "before" you lose the old files. 3. To: Do the following: -------------------------------------------------------------- Save all of your changes in the Click on Save as default. Your changes Unzip Preferences box as new defaults are made and this dialog box closes. These values will appear as the new defaults the next time you select Preferences. Save these values only for this session Click on OK. Your changes are made and this dialog box closes. CREATING A .ZIP FILE USING DRAG AND DROP With PKZIP, you can use the Windows drag and drop feature to create a new .ZIP file. You don't have to select an option from the Menu bar. To create a .ZIP file using Windows drag and drop: 1. Start PKZIP. The PKZIP main application screen appears. 2. Using the File Manager or Win95 Explorer, locate a file you want to compress. When you find it, hold down the left button of your mouse on top of the files's icon and drag that icon onto the PKZIP screen. When the file is on top of PKZIP, release your mouse button. The Save As dialog box appears. Note: If you already have a .ZIP file open, do not drag the icon on top of the .ZIP file already open. If you do, PKZIP will compress the .ZIP file you are dragging into the .ZIP file that is open. 3. Type a name for the .ZIP file you are creating and click on OK. PKZIP starts to compress the file and displays the Add Status box. Refer to previous sections in this chapter for information on the Add Status box and what PKZIP displays when it has finished compressing. WHAT'S NEXT Now that you know how to compress files, find out what you can do with a .ZIP file. The next chapter, Opening an Existing .ZIP File, gets you started by showing you how to open and view a .ZIP file. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ CHAPTER FOUR: OPENING AN EXISTING .ZIP FILE Overview: This chapter shows you how to open a .ZIP file, and how to change the way PKZIP displays the contents of that .ZIP file. Sections in This Chapter: • Introduction • Opening a .ZIP File • Changing the .ZIP File Display Window • Viewing .ZIP Statistics • Sorting Files Within a .ZIP File • Selecting Files to Work With • What's Next? INTRODUCTION With PKZIP, you can open and view the contents of a .ZIP file. This enables you to perform tasks on that .ZIP file, for example, add another file to or extract a file from the .ZIP file. You can open more than one .ZIP file at a time. When you open a .ZIP file, you can control what information PKZIP displays for each file and how PKZIP sorts and arranges the files on your screen. Sometimes when you view the contents of a .ZIP file, you might want to open one of the individual compressed files. You can open that file without exiting PKZIP. For a quick and easy way to open a .ZIP file, you can use the drag and drop feature with the Windows File Manager. PKZIP automatically associates a .ZIP file with PKZIP. This allows you to double-click on a .ZIP file's icon to start PKZIP and open the file in one step. OPENING A .ZIP FILE PKZIP provides three methods to open a file: • The Windows drag and drop feature. • The PKZIP Menu bar. • The Tool bar button. USING WINDOWS DRAG AND DROP PKZIP takes advantage of the Windows drag and drop feature to make opening files quick and easy. You don't even have to start PKZIP first. To open a .ZIP file using drag and drop: 1. Using the Windows File Manager, locate the .ZIP file in the appropriate directory. Click on the file, hold down your left mouse button, and drag the file on top of the PKZIP icon. 2. When the .ZIP file icon is on top of the PKZIP icon, release your mouse button. PKZIP starts and the .ZIP file opens. You can also use drag and drop to open a .ZIP file "after" you've already started PKZIP. To do so, drag the .ZIP file on top of the PKZIP main application screen. USING THE MENU BAR To open a .ZIP file from the PKZIP Menu bar: 1. If you haven't already, start PKZIP. The PKZIP main application screen appears. 2. Select File. The File menu appears. 3. Select Open. The File Open dialog box appears. Note: If you have opened a .ZIP file recently, that file might appear in the file list that appears at the bottom of the File menu. If you selected from this list, the file opens immediately. 4. Select the .ZIP file. Note: This is a standard Windows File Open window. You can change to a different drive or directory or even somewhere else on your network. Once the file is in view, you can either double click on it or click once, then click on OK to open that file. When you have selected a .ZIP file, PKZIP displays the contents of that file in the .ZIP File Display Window. USING THE TOOL BAR To open a .ZIP file using the PKZIP Tool bar: 1. Click on the appropriate Tool bar button. The File Open box appears. 2. Follow step 4 in Using the Menu Bar. CHANGING THE .ZIP FILE DISPLAY WINDOW PKZIP displays the files within a .ZIP file in a numbered list. You can change some of the characteristics of this window. If you have more than one .ZIP file open, you can change the characteristics of one or all .ZIP File Display Windows. PKZIP allows you to: • Turn on and off the gridlines in the window. • Zoom in or out of the display window. • Turn on and off the row numbers to the left of the filename. • Turn on and off the information that is displayed for the files within a .ZIP file (for example, the date that a file was created). THE VIEW MENU To make changes to the .ZIP File Display Window, use the View menu on the Menu bar. When you select View, the View menu appears. The Preferences option contains a dialog box that contains more display characteristics, but the fields in that dialog box apply to all opened .ZIP files, regardless of whether or not the window is active. When you click on Preferences, the View Preferences dialog box appears. CHANGING DEFAULTS The View Preferences dialog box contains default values. You can change these values by clicking on Save as default instead of OK. This resets the defaults for every field or button you changed in this box, and also closes the box. The next time you select Preferences, your changes will appear as the new defaults. ERASING GRIDLINES Gridlines are the vertical and horizontal lines within the .ZIP File Display Window that provide borders for the rows and columns. PKZIP allows you to erase these gridlines. You can: • Erase gridlines for the current active .ZIP file. • Erase gridlines for all open .ZIP files. THE CURRENT ACTIVE .ZIP FILE To erase gridlines for the current active .ZIP file: 1. If you have more than one .ZIP file open, select that .ZIP file by clicking anywhere inside the .ZIP File Display Window. 2. From the Menu bar, select View. The View menu appears. 3. Click on Gridlines. The gridlines for the .ZIP File Display Window are erased. ALL OPEN .ZIP FILES To erase gridlines for all open .ZIP files: 1. From the Menu bar, select View. The View menu appears. 2. Select Preferences. The View Preferences dialog box appears. 3. Click inside the Grid lines checkbox in the Grid area. The checkmark disappears. 4. Click on OK. The gridlines are erased and the dialog box closes. ZOOMING IN AND OUT OF THE .ZIP FILE DISPLAY WINDOW PKZIP allows you to zoom in and out of a .ZIP File Display Window. You can only do this for one .ZIP file at a time. To zoom in and out: 1. If you opened multiple files, select a file. If you opened only one file, you don't have to select it. 2. From the Menu bar, select View. The View menu appears. 3. To zoom in, click on Zoom In. To zoom out, click on Zoom Out. ERASING ROW NUMBERS PKZIP allows you to erase the row numbers that appear to the left of the individual filenames within the .ZIP File Display Window. To erase row numbers: 1. From the Menu bar, select View. The View menu appears. 2. Click on Preferences. The Preferences dialog box appears. 3. Click inside the Row numbers checkbox. The row numbers for all open .ZIP files disappear. The next time you select the View menu, the checkmark next to the Row numbers option disappears. To turn the row numbers back on, repeat the same steps. The checkmark in the Row numbers checkbox will reappear. CHANGING THE INFORMATION PKZIP DISPLAYS When you open a .ZIP file, PKZIP displays specific information for each individual file within that .ZIP file (for example, Time, Date, Original Size). Each category of information appears in the horizontal column of the .ZIP File Display Window. You can choose which category you want PKZIP to display. Note: If you opened more than one .ZIP file, the changes you make apply to all .ZIP File Display Windows. You cannot change displayed information for only one window. To change displayed information: 1. From the Menu bar, select View. The View menu appears. 2. Click on Preferences. The View Preferences dialog box appears. 3. The categories of information that PKZIP display appear in the Display area of this dialog box. To turn off a category, click in the appropriate box. 4. When you have finished, click on OK to save your changes. To set your changes as the new defaults, click on Save as default instead of OK. VIEWING .ZIP STATISTICS The .ZIP File Display Windows provides sufficient information about a .ZIP file. To get even more information, use the Statistics option on the ZIP menu. To view .ZIP statistics: 1. Open a .ZIP file, or if you have more than one file open, select a file. 2. From the Menu bar, select Zip. The Zip menu appears. Note: You can also click on the appropriate Tool bar button. 3. Select Statistics. The .ZIP Statistics dialog box appears. The following is a description of each category: This category: Represents: ----------------------------------------------- Files in .ZIP The number of files in the .ZIP file. Uncompressed Size The total uncompressed size of all files within the .ZIP file. Compressed Size The total compressed size of all files within the .ZIP file. Compression Ratio The ratio of uncompressed size to compressed size of all files within the .ZIP file. 4. To erase this box, click on OK. The Statistics box disappears. SORTING FILES WITHIN A .ZIP FILE When you first open a .ZIP file, PKZIP displays the files within that .ZIP file in the order in which they were compressed. PKZIP allows you to change this display order. You can display the files by: • Filename. • Extension (for example, .TXT). • Size. • Date. • Compression ratio. • CRC value. For each method of sorting, you can select "ascending" or "descending" order. For example, if you want to sort by size, you can choose whether to display the files from smallest to largest (ascending) or from largest to smallest (descending). The default value for all sorting methods is ascending. Within PKZIP, you can change the sort order for: • The current active .ZIP file. • All open .ZIP files. SORTING THE CURRENT ACTIVE .ZIP FILE To change the sort order for the currently active .ZIP file: 1. Open a .ZIP file, if you haven't already. 2. From the Menu bar, select Sort. The Sort menu appears. 3. To sort by: Click on: ----------------------------------------- Filename Filename. The menu closes and PKZIP sorts in alphabetical order. To sort in reverse alphabetical order, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. PKZIP sorts the files in alphabetical order. File extension Extension. The menu closes and PKZIP sorts extensions in alphabetical order. To sort extensions in reverse alphabetical order, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. PKZIP sorts the files by their extension. For example, all .TXT files would be together and all .DOC files would be together. Size Size. The menu closes and PKZIP sorts from smallest file to largest file. To sort from largest to smallest, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. Date Date. The menu closes and PKZIP sorts from the oldest file to the newest file. To sort from newest to oldest, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. Compression ratio Compression ratio. The menu closes and PKZIP sorts from smallest ratio to largest ratio. To sort from largest to smallest, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. CRC 32 CRC 32. The menu closes and PKZIP sorts from smallest CRC value to largest CRC value. To sort from largest to smallest, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. The order of compression Unsorted. The menu closes and PKZIP changes to the default order of sorting, which is the order that the files were compressed. SORTING ALL OPEN .ZIP FILES To change the sort order for all .ZIP files you have open: 1. Open a .ZIP file, if you haven't already. 2. From the Menu bar, select View. The View menu appears. 3. Select Preferences. The View Preferences dialog appears. 4. To sort by: Click on: ----------------------------------------- Filename Filename. PKZIP sorts in alphabetical order. To sort in reverse alphabetical order, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. PKZIP sorts the files in alphabetical order. File extension Extension. PKZIP sorts extensions in alphabetical order. To sort extensions in reverse alphabetical order, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. PKZIP sorts the files by their extension. For example, all .TXT files would be together and all .DOC files would be together. Size Size. PKZIP sorts from smallest file to largest file. To sort from largest to smallest, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. Date Date. PKZIP sorts from the oldest file to the newest file. To sort from newest to oldest, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. Compression ratio Compression ratio. PKZIP sorts from smallest ratio to largest ratio. To sort from largest to smallest, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. CRC 32 CRC 32. PKZIP sorts from smallest CRC value to largest CRC value. To sort from largest to smallest, select Sort from the Menu bar and click on Descending. The order of compression Unsorted. PKZIP changes to the default order of sorting, which is the order that the files were compressed. 5. When you have finished, click OK, or if you want to save new defaults on this dialog, click on Save as default. The View Preferences dialog closes. SELECTING FILES TO WORK WITH When you open a .ZIP file, you can perform several tasks on the files with in those .ZIP files. First you have to select the files you want to perform the tasks on. PKZIP provides several methods to select files. You can select files: • Individually by clicking on those files. • By filename. • By file size. • By file date. If you are not satisfied with your selection, PKZIP makes it easy to change your mind. SELECTING FILES INDIVIDUALLY To select files individually in the .ZIP File Display Window, hold down your CTRL key and click your left mouse button on that file. To select a group of files that appear next to each other in the .ZIP File Display Window, click and drag your mouse on the files. When you get to the last file, release your mouse button. When you select a file, PKZIP highlights that file. SELECTING BY FILENAME To select files by filename: 1. From the Menu bar, select Select. The Select menu appears. Note: You can also use the appropriate Tool bar button, then go to step 3 below. 2. Select by Filename. The Select by filename dialog box appears. 3. Type the filename or file pattern you want to select. Use DOS wildcards to specify a file pattern. To consider case, click inside the Case sensitive checkbox. PKZIP will differentiate between upper and lower case. To disregard pathnames in the selection, click inside the Ignore Path Names checkbox. When PKZIP searches for files, it will not include the directory pathnames as criteria for the search. 4. To start the selection, click on OK. The files are selected. SELECTING BY FILE SIZE To select files based on size: 1. From the Menu bar, select Select. The Select menu appears. Note: You can also use the appropriate Tool bar button, then go to step 3 below. 2. Select by File SIze. The Select by file size dialog appears. 3. Select a criteria for specifying file size. The File size field contains a pop-down menu, with the following choices: • Less than • Equal to • Greater than • Between Click on the item you want, then type the size on which you are going to base the selection. For example, if you want to select all files that are less than 1000 bytes, you would click on "less than," then type "1000" in the box that appears next to the word bytes. 4. When you have finished typing a size, click on OK. The files are selected. SELECTING BY FILE DATE To select files based on their date: 1. From the Menu bar, select Select. The Select menu appears. Note: You can also use appropriate Tool bar button, then go to step 3 below. 2. Select by File Date. The Select by file date dialog appears. 3. Select a criteria for specifying file date. The File date field contains a pop-down menu, with the following choices: • Before • Equal to • After • Between Click on the item you want, then type the date on which you are going to base the selection. For example, if you want to select all files that were created after 12/10/1994, you would click on "after," then type "12/10/94" in the box that appears next to the (Format MM/DD/YY). 4. When you have finished typing a date, click on OK. The files are selected. SELECTING ALL FILES IN THE .ZIP FILE To select all files in the .ZIP file: 1. From the Menu bar, select Select. The Select menu appears. 2. Select All. PKZIP selects all files in the .ZIP file. Note: You can also use the appropriate Tool bar button to select all files. UNSELECTING ALL FILES PKZIP allows you to "unselect" all of the files currently selected. To unselect all files: 1. From the Menu bar, select Select. The Select menu appears. 2. Select Clear all. All files previously selected are unselected. Note: You can also use the appropriate Tool bar button to unselect all files. OPENING INDIVIDUAL APPLICATION FILES When you open a .ZIP file, you might want to view the contents of one of the compressed files. PKZIP allows you to open individual application files right from the .ZIP File Display Window. Before you open a file, make sure there is an associated application for that file. If the file contains an extension (for example, .DOC), make sure that extension is entered properly in the Extensions section of the Windows WIN.INI file. Note: If you are running Windows95, the extensions for the applications you install (for example, .DOC for Microsoft Word), are not always automatically entered into the WIN.INI file. You mght need to enter them manually. Refer to your Windows95 documentation for more information. To open a file: 1. Specify a temporary directory for PKZIP to extract the file it is opening. To do this: A ) Select Unzip from the Menu bar. B ) Select Preferences from the Unzip menu. C ) Click on the Directories button. The Directories dialog box appears. D ) Enter the directory in the Temporary Extract Directory box. Refer to Setting Unzip Preferences in the Extracting Files From a .ZIP File chapter for more information. 2. Select the file you want to open by double clicking your left mouse button on the file. PKZIP extracts the file into the temporary directory and the associated program opens the file. If PKZIP does not find an associated application for a file, a message box appears. Click on OK to close this box. If there is an associated file application but PKZIP cannot find the necessary executable file to start the application, a message box appears. Click on OK to close this box. 3. When you have finished working with the application file, exit that application. The .ZIP File Display Window reappears. WHAT'S NEXT? When you open a .ZIP file, you can perform many tasks on that file. Among those tasks are adding files to and deleting files from a .ZIP file. Take a look at the next chapter, Adding and Deleting Files, for more information. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER FIVE: ADDING AND DELETING FILES Overview: This chapter shows you how to add files to and delete files from a .ZIP file. Sections in This Chapter: • Introduction • Adding Files • Deleting Files • What's Next? INTRODUCTION Once you've created a .ZIP file, PKZIP makes it easy to add files to and delete files from that .ZIP file. You can also update files in a .ZIP file. For example, if you have a file called apples.txt in a .ZIP file, and you change the original apples.txt (the file not currently in the .ZIP file), you can have PKZIP update the version in the .ZIP file with the new version. PKZIP allows you to set specific parameters that help you customize your data compression. Refer to the Setting .ZIP Preferences section in the Creating a New .ZIP File chapter, or take advantage of the comprehensive online help. ADDING FILES PKZIP allows you to add new files to a .ZIP file and update existing files. You can: • Only add selected files. • Only update existing files. • Add and update files. To add files: 1. Open the .ZIP file to which you want to add or update files. 2. From the Menu bar, select Zip. The Zip menu appears. 3. Select Add files. The Add Files dialog box appears. 4. Select a method for adding files: To: Click on: ---------------------------------------------------- Add new files to your .ZIP file Add files. Update files that already Update files. appear in the .ZIP file Add new "and" update existing files Add & Update Files. 5. Select the files you want to add and/or update to your .ZIP file. When you select files, PKZIP displays the files in the Files & Directories to ZIP box. Refer to Selecting Files to Compress in the Creating a New .ZIP File chapter for more information. 6. When you have finished selecting files, click on OK. PKZIP starts to compress the files and the Add Status dialog box appears. This box shows the status for each file being compressed (File Progress) and for the entire .ZIP file (.ZIP Progress). When PKZIP has finished compressing all files, the Add Status box changes (a Done button appears). 7. PKZIP displays 100% under Total Progress and the word Done appears at the end of the file list. When you see this information, click on OK. The Add Status box closes and PKZIP displays the files that you just compressed. ADDING FILES USING DRAG AND DROP With PKZIP, you can use the Windows drag and drop feature to add files to your .ZIP file. You don't have to select an option from the Menu bar. To add files: 1. Start PKZIP. The PKZIP main application screen appears. 2. Open a .ZIP file. PKZIP displays the .ZIP File Display Window. 3. Using the File Manager, locate a file you want to add to the .ZIP file. When you find it, click your left mouse button, hold it down, and drag the files's icon onto the open .ZIP file in the .ZIP File Display Window. When the file is on top of the .ZIP file, release your mouse button. PKZIP compresses and adds the file to the .ZIP file. DELETING FILES PKZIP allows you to delete files from a .ZIP file. Remember that you are only removing the files from the .ZIP file. This does not affect any original files that reside on your hard drive. To delete files from a .ZIP file: 1. Open the .ZIP file from which you want to delete files. PKZIP displays the contents of the .ZIP file. 2. Select the files(s) you want to delete. Refer to Selecting Files to Work With in the Opening a .ZIP File chapter for more information. 3. To use: Do the following: ------------------------------------------ Your 1. Press Delete. The dialog box in step 4 appears. 2. Go to step 5. The PKZIP Menu bar 1. From the Menu bar, select Zip. The Zip menu appears. 2. Go to step 4 below. 4. Select Delete files. The Delete file(s) dialog box appears. 5. To delete the file(s), click on Yes. The files(s) are deleted from the .ZIP file. If you don't want to delete the file(s), click on No. The files aren't deleted. To delete files using the PKZIP Tool bar, select the file(s) you want to delete, then click on the appropriate Tool bar button. The Delete file(s) dialog box appears. Follow step 5 above. WHAT'S NEXT? PKZIP makes it just as easy to extract files as it does to compress them. The next chapter, Extracting Files From a .ZIP File, provides step-by-step instructions on extracting files. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER SIX: EXTRACTING FILES FROM A .ZIP FILE Overview: This chapter shows you how to extract files from a .ZIP file, and how to test the integrity of those files. Sections in This Chapter: • Introduction • Testing the Integrity of a .ZIP File • Extracting Files With PKZIP • Self Extracting Files Using the File Manager • Extracting From a Spanned .ZIP File • Setting Unzip Preferences INTRODUCTION With PKZIP, you can extract files from a .ZIP file as easily as you compressed them. You can extract one file, multiple files, or all files from a.ZIP file. When you extract files, PKZIP asks you where you want those files to be extracted.You can also specify whether you want PKZIP to prompt you before it overrides a file with the same name on the hard drive. If the files you are extracting were compressed with directory path information, you can re-create those directories when you extract. For example, if you compressed a file called apples.txt from the \fruit\sweet directory and you stored the directory information, PKZIP will create a directory called fruit with a subdirectory of sweet and extract the apples.txt file into the "sweet" directory. With PKZIP, you can also extract from a .ZIP file that spans more than one medium (for example, diskette). To create a .ZIP file that spans more than one medium, you must use PKZIP for DOSฎ. TESTING THE INTEGRITY OF A .ZIP FILE Before you extract files, you might want to test the integrity of the .ZIP file. If a file within a .ZIP file is corrupt, you might not be able to extract it. You should also test files before you send a .ZIP file to some one. This ensures that you are not giving them a bad or corrupt .ZIP file. WHAT DOES PKZIP TEST? When PKZIP tests files within a .ZIP file, it performs all of the actions normally required to extract files "except" extracting the files to disk. PKZIP checks the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) of the extracted file with the CRC of the original file (before it was compressed) to ensure its validity. When PKZIP performs a CRC, the data that makes up the file is passed through what is called an algorithm. This algorithm computes a value based on the contents. The result is an eight-digit number that represents the value of the file. If a single bit of the file changes, and a CRC is performed, the CRC will be different than it was before the change. PKZIP calculates a CRC value for the original file before it is compressed. The value is stored within the .ZIP file. When you extract a file, PKZIP calculates a CRC value for the extracted data and compares it against the original CRC value. If the data has been damaged or altered, PKZIP can recognize and report this. TESTING YOUR FILES To test files: 1. Open the .ZIP file you want to test 2. Select the files you want to test. Refer to the Selecting Files to Work With section of the Opening a .ZIP File chapter for more information. If you want to test all of the files in the .ZIP file, you don't have to select them. 3. From the Menu bar, select Unzip. The Unzip menu appears. 4. Select Test files. The Extract/Test dialog box appears. 5. If the .ZIP file you are testing contains a password, you must enter that password before you can test. 6. When you have finished with this dialog box, click on Test Integrity. PKZIP begins to test the files. As PKZIP tests the files, it displays the status of each file individually and of the entire test, in the Progress area of the box. The current file being tested appears next to Filename. The percent completion changes as it tests. If the test passes, PKZIP displays an OK in the box. The number of errors and warnings appears at the bottom of the screen. 7. PKZIP displays a Done message after the last file is tested. When you see this message, click on Done to exit. The Extract/Test .ZIP window closes. EXTRACTING FILES WITH PKZIP To extract files from a .ZIP file: 1. Open the .ZIP file from which you want to extract files. If you have multiple .ZIP files open, make sure the one you want to extract from is active. 2. Select the files you want to extract. Refer to the Selecting Files to Work With section of the Opening a .ZIP File chapter for more information. To extract all files in the .ZIP file, you don't have to select them. Go directly to step 3 below. 3. From the Menu bar, select Unzip. The Unzip menu appears. 4. Select Extract files. The Extract dialog box appears. 5. If the .ZIP file you are extracting from contains a password, you must enter that password before you can extract. 6. Select a destination for your .ZIP files. You can either type a location,such as a drive or directory path, or you can use the Browse button to access your hard drive for a location. When you specify a location, PKZIP saves that location. 7. Set preferences you might want using the Preferences button. Refer to the Setting Unzip Preferences section in this chapter for information, then follow step 8 below. 8. When you have finished with this dialog box, click on Extract to start extracting. 9. If PKZIP displays the Extract files dialog box, it means PKZIP has begun to extract files. Go to step 11. If PKZIP displays the "overwrite" dialog box, it means that PKZIP is prompting you to overwrite or not overwrite files on your destination drive. (You set the Prompt user field in the Unzip Preferences dialog box, and because a file being extracted already exists in the directory into which you are extracting.) Go to step 10. 10. Respond to the Overwrite? prompt by doing one of the following: To: Do the following: ---------------------------------------------------- Overwrite the current file 1. Click on Yes. PKZIP prompts you for other files it finds that contain a version of the file in the destination directory. 2. Repeat step 9. Overwrite "all" files that 1. Click on All. contain a version of the file in the extract directory PKZIP will not prompt you to overwrite files in this session. 2. Go to step 11. To not overwrite the current file 1. Click on No. 2. Repeat step 9. Not overwrite any files 1. Click on Never. PKZIP will not prompt you to overwrite files in this session. 2. Go to step 11. 11. As PKZIP extracts the files, it displays the status of each file individually and of the entire extraction, in the Progress area of the box. The current file being extracted appears next to Filename. The percent completion changes as it extracts. When PKZIP finishes extracting a file, that file is displayed in the box with an OK. The number of errors and warnings appears at the bottom of the screen. Refer to Appendix A: Interpreting Error and Warning Messages for more information. PKZIP displays a Done message after the last file is extracted. When you see this message, click on Done to exit. The Extract/Test .ZIP box closes. SELF EXTRACTING FILES To extract files from a self-extracting .ZIP file (a .ZIP file with a .EXE extension), you don't have to use PKZIP. You can extract directly from your Windows File Manager, or from a DOS prompt. In both cases, PKZIP opens a DOS window when it begins to extract. EXTRACTING USING THE FILE MANAGER To extract files using the File Manager: 1. Locate the file using the File Manager. The file should have a .EXE extension. 2. Double-click on the .EXE file. A DOS window opens and the files within the self-extracting file begin to extract. When the files have finished extracting, the DOS window closes. EXTRACTING DIRECTLY FROM A DOS PROMPT To extract files from a self-extracting .ZIP file "without" using the File Manager, you can simply open a DOS window and type the name of the self-extracting file. This method works exactly like PKZIP for DOS. You can specify locations, special options, and also extract individual files. When you extract from a self-extracting file, all you have to do is type the name of the .EXE file. This file contains the necessary commands and programs you need to extract the file. In general, to extract files: 1. Open a DOS window by clicking on the MS-DOS icon. 2. Change to the directory into which you want to extract the files. Note: You can type the location as part of the command in step 3. Refer to Specifying a Location for more information. 3. At the DOS prompt (for example, C:\), type the name of the .EXE file you are extracting from and press ENTER. For example, if the name of the file is apples.exe, you would type apples. (You do not have to type the .EXE.) To add flexibility to your self-extraction, you can also specify: • A location for the file(s) being extracted. • Individual files to extract. • Options that add flexibility to your extraction. SPECIFYING A LOCATION PKZIP extracts the files into the directory you are in, unless you change that location. To change locations, you can type the drive and/or path. For example, if you were extracting from a file called "apples.exe" and you wanted to extract it to the D drive in the fruit\temp directory, you would type the following: apples.exe d:\fruit\temp SELECTING INDIVIDUAL FILES TO EXTRACT When you extract files, you do not have to extract all of the files from the .EXE file. You can extract as many as you want. For example, if you wanted to extract two files from the apples.exe file, and the names of those files are sour.doc and sweet.doc, you would type the following: apples.exe sour.doc sweet.doc You can also use DOS wildcards to specify a file pattern. For example, if you wanted to extract all files that end in .DOC, you would type something similar to the following: apples.exe *.DOC Note: This feature is not available for PKSFX-Jr. SPECIFYING OPTIONS With self-extracting files, PKZIP provides several options that help customize your data extraction. When you use an option, it must appear as the first element after the name of the .EXE file in your command. For example, the -d option allows you to re-create directories in the location in which you are extracting the files. To do this, you would type something similar to the following: apples.exe -d *.DOC You can use more than one option in the same command. Type the options right next to each other, "except" when using the -s option. The following is a description of each option. The -o and -h options are the only options that apply to PKSFX-Jr. This option: Allows you to: ----------------------------------- -c Extract to the console. -d Re-create directories that are stored in the .EXE file. -l Display the software license agreement on your screen. -n Extract only files that are newer than the corresponding files in your destination (extract) directory. -o Overwrite existing files of the same name in your destination (extract) directory. -p [a] [b] [c] [#] Extract to a printer. -s [password] Decrypt with a password. -t Test the integrity of the .ZIP file. -h or \? Get online help on using these options. EXTRACTING FROM A SPANNED .ZIP FILE With PKZIP, you can extract files from a spanned .ZIP file. A spanned .ZIP file spans more than one medium, for example, diskettes. You can extract files from one or all diskettes in a series. To extract from a spanned .ZIP file: 1. Insert the last diskette in the .ZIP file series into the disk drive. For example, if the .ZIP file spans four diskettes, insert the fourth diskette. 2. Open the .ZIP file. Remember to locate the .ZIP file on the appropriate drive that represents the diskette. For example, if your diskette is in your A: drive, locate the A: drive. 3. Select the files to extract. If you select files that appear on different diskettes, PKZIP will prompt you to insert the appropriate diskette before it attempts to extract. Refer to the Selecting Files to Work With section of the Opening a .ZIP File chapter for more information. 4. From the Unzip menu, select Extract. A message box appears. 5. If you haven't already, insert the first diskette in the .ZIP file span series, then click on OK. PKZIP begins to extract the files(s). If you select files to extract that appear on different diskettes, insert the appropriate diskette when PKZIP prompts you to. Refer to Extracting Files With PKZIP in this chapter for information on what happens when PKZIP extracts files. SETTING UNZIP PREFERENCES PKZIP allows you to change Unzip parameters when you extract files from a .ZIP file. For example, you can re-create directories to preserve the directory path structure that might have been saved with the .ZIP file. 1. If you are in the Extract files dialog box, click on Preferences. If you are in the .ZIP File Display Window, select Unzip from the Menu bar and Preferences from the Unzip menu. The Unzip Preferences dialog box appears. Take a careful look at this dialog box. Several of these settings affect what is extracted, and in some cases, how much information is included or preserved when PKZIP extracts a file. 2. Make changes by clicking on the appropriate radio button(s) or checkbox(es). A description of each area of the dialog box appears below. Step 3 in this section immediately follows. EXTRACT OPTIONS AREA When you extract files, you have to be careful that you are not overwriting a new file on your hard drive with an old file you are extracting. The Extract options area gives you a choice on how to handle the overwriting of files. Click on this field: To: -------------------------------- Overwrite Automatically overwrite any files in the destination directory with the same name as the file being extracted. PKZIP will not warn or prompt you to overwrite. Update Extract files that contain a file with the same name and date in the target directory "and" that are newer than the files in the target directory. Update & New Extract files that contain a file with the same name in the target directory, is newer than the file in the target directory, "and" any files that are not in the target directory. Prompt user Prompt you to overwrite or not overwrite files on your hard drive. This option gives you more control by allowing you to extract on a file-by-file basis. OPTIONS AREA This area allows you to re-create directories or restore volume labels for the files being extracted. Click on this field: To: ----------------------------------------- Create directory Re-create the directory structure of the files being extracted. For example, if you have a file called apples.doc that resides in the \fruit\sweet directory and you stored that path information when the file was compressed, you can have PKZIP re-create \fruit\sweet and put the extracted file apples.doc in that directory. For this to happen, the directory structure has to have been stored when the file was compressed. Restore volume label Restore the volume label. For this to happen, the volume label has to have been stored when the file was compressed. RESTORE ATTRIBUTES AREA This area allows you to restore the file attributes of files that contain those attributes that special files had before they were compressed. Click on this field: To: --------------------------------- Read only Restore the read-only attribute for read-only files. Read-only files cannot be changed or deleted. For this to happen, this attribute must have been saved when the file was compressed. Hidden Restore the hidden file attribute for hidden files. Hidden files are usually system files that cannot be displayed in the Add Files dialog box, or any other area where files are displayed. For this to happen, this attribute must have been saved when the file was compressed. System Restore the system file attribute for system files. System files are files associated with the operating system. For example, when you install Windows, special system files are created. For this to happen, this attribute must have been saved when the file was compressed. TEMPORARY EXTRACT DIRECTORY AREA This area allows you to specify a temporary directory for when you open individual files within a .ZIP file. When you open that file, PKZIP must extract it at least temporarily. The location you type in this field is where the file will be extracted. To enter a directory, type the directory path in the box or use the Browse button to locate a directory on your hard drive. 3. To: Do the following: ------------------------------------------------------- Save all of your changes Click on Save as default. in the Unzip Preferences box as new defaults Your changes are made and the dialog box closes. These values will appear as the new defaults the next time you select Preferences. Save these values only for Click on OK. this session Your changes are made and the dialog box closes. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX A: INTERPRETING ERROR AND WARNING MESSAGES This appendix contains information on all of the errors and warnings that can occur with PKZIP. An error usually causes the cancelling of the task you are performing, for example, compressing a file. A warning usually indicates that something is wrong, but it is not severe enough to cancel an entire task. It might also be a message that reminds you about something you did, or to prompt you to do something. ERROR MESSAGES When an error occurs, PKZIP displays an error message. The following is a description of each error message. Some errors are grouped together because they are similar. This error: Means: -------------------------------------------------- No .ZIP file specified You tried to open a non .ZIP file. Make sure you open a .ZIP or .EXE file within PKZIP. Can't create file: XXX PKZIP couldn't extract a read-only file, or a file is being used by another application. Nothing to do! You didn't do something that is required for a particular task. For example, PKZIP couldn't find the file you are trying to open or access (you might have specified to update a pattern such as *.TXT and PKZIP didn't find any files that matched that pattern or that needed updating). No file(s) found PKZIP can't find the file you are trying to open or access. For example, you might have specified a pattern such as *.TXT and PKZIP didn't find any files that matched that pattern. Try again using a valid filename. Disk full, file: XXXXX The drive or floppy drive to which you are trying to write to is full. Insufficient disk space for update You did not have enough disk space to create file: XXX.ZIP the updated .ZIP file. Free up some space and try again. Can't find .ZIP file: XXXX.ZIP PKZIP can't find the .ZIP file you specified. Can't create .ZIP file: XXXX.ZIP For some reason, PKZIP cannot write to the .ZIP file. The file might be read-only, or you might not have access to the file. Renaming temporary .ZIP file to XXXX.ZIP The drive you specified as the destination drive is full. PKZIP left the new .ZIP file in the specified temporary location. Can't open for write access PKZIP can't open a .ZIP file or other file. Check that you have permission to access this file (for example, if you are on a network, you might not have write access to that file or directory). Device not ready: XXX The device you are trying to access or write to is not ready. If this is a disk drive, check that the door is closed on the appropriate drive. Extract directory does not exist You did not enter a valid directory to extract files. Recovered .ZIP filename is PKZIPFIX - a program that recovers corrupted .ZIP files - recovered a corrupt file and is displaying the name of that .ZIP file. Insufficient memory to create .ZIP file PKZIP does not have enough RAM to complete the task it is trying to perform. Insufficient memory for .ZIP header Insufficient memory for .ZIP central header Insufficient memory for file list Insufficient memory for extracting .ZIP files Error encrypting file data PKZIP encountered a problem with the data that it was trying to encrypt. For example, the disk on which the data was located was bad or corrupt. Error reading .ZIP file PKZIP could not read the .ZIP file. The file might be located on a corrupt disk or part of a disk. This includes floppy disks. File too small for valid .ZIP data The .ZIP file is too small to be considered a valid .ZIP file. The .ZIP header must be a minimum number of bytes, and the .ZIP file PKZIP encountered was smaller than the minimum. Premature end of .ZIP The .ZIP file is too small to be considered a valid .ZIP file. The .ZIP header must be a minimum number of bytes, and the .ZIP file PKZIP encountered was smaller than the minimum. Local header corrupt or not found While extracting files, PKZIP did not find enough bytes to read. Before it extracts, PKZIP estimates the number of bytes it has to read, and if it doesn't encounter that many, it stops extracting. Too many files in XXXX.ZIP The .ZIP file structure has been damaged. Run PKZIPFIX to correct this problem. You have selected too many files to compress into your .ZIP file. WARNING MESSAGES Sometimes a condition occurs that might cause a task to pause temporarily. This could be something that prevents part of a task from happening, or simply a message or reminder. For several of these conditions, PKZIP displays a warning message. The following is a description of each warning message: This warning: Means: ---------------------------------------------------------- Invalid value specified for the filesize You did not type a valid value in the File size field in the Select by file size dialog. Refer to the Selecting by File Size section in the Opening a .ZIP File chapter in this manual for more information. Invalid date You did not type a valid value in the File date field in the Select by file date dialog. Refer to the Selecting by File Date section in the Opening a .ZIP File chapter in this manual for more information. Invalid value specified for the file date When you specified the "between" parameter for selecting files by size, you entered a value that was valid. Invalid value specified for the month (1-12) You did not type a value between 1 and 12. Invalid value specified for the day (1-31) You did not type a value between 1 and 31. Invalid value specified for the year (00-99) You did not type a value between 00 and 99. No files selected to ZIP You clicked on OK in the Add Files dialog without selecting files to compress. No password specified You did not type a password for the .ZIP file you are creating. The .ZIP file will not be password protected. No filename/filepattern specified You did not type a filename or file pattern in the Manual Add dialog box. Unable to open file: X:\xxxx You selected a file from the Windows file list that does not exist. That file might either not exist or has been moved to a different location. Use the Windows File Manager to try to locate the file, or open a different file. Unable to view nested .ZIP file You tried to open a .ZIP file that is within another .ZIP file. PKZIP does not allow you to do this. Remove all items? In the Add Files dialog, you have chosen to remove all files from the File & Directories to ZIP box. This message asks if you're sure you want to do this. Spanned .ZIP files cannot be modified You attempted to modify or delete a spanned .ZIP file. You cannot modify a spanned .ZIP file in any way. Can't create: XXXX PKZIP could not create a .ZIP file, directory, or temporary ZIP file, depending on task you were performing. This error also appears if you are trying to extract to a read-only file. Illegal path or drive You have specified a path or drive that either doesn't exist or can't be accessed. Check what you typed and try again. File fails CRC check The file PKZIP is trying to extract is corrupt, and was not extracted correctly. XXX already exists. Overwrite The Prompt user field in Unzip (y/n/a/r) Preferences was set, which allows you to have PKZIP prompt you for each file about whether or not you want to overwrite that file on your hard drive. Could not open file You do not have the proper permissions to access the file, or the file might be locked by another program. Consult your System administrator for information on the file. Error reading file You do not have the proper permissions to access the file, or the file became corrupt or damaged. Could not delete file: XXXX You do not have the proper permissions to access and delete the file, or another application has the file open. Deflated file has bad table Internal components of the file PKZIP is trying to extract are corrupt. Deflated file has bad compression block type Imploded file has bad table Implode file has bad literal table Unexpected end of compressed data Corrupt data caused PKZIP to abort the extraction before it could finish. Skipping encrypted file PKZIP encountered a file that has been password protected. You need the password to access this file. Can't extract reduced files The compression method used to compress the affected file (reduce) is not supported by PKZIP, therefore, cannot be extracted. Can't extract tokenized files The compression method used to compress the affected file (tokenize) is not supported by PKZIP, therefore, cannot be extracted. Unknown compression method An unfamiliar compression method has been used with the current .ZIP file. PKZIP contains five compression methods. Refer to Setting .ZIP Preferences in the Creating a New .ZIP File chapter for more information. Could not clear archive attribute on file: XXXX PKZIP could not clear the archive attribute on a file. The file will be compressed but the archive bit cannot be cleared. Incorrect password You typed the wrong password for the .ZIP file. When a .ZIP file contains a password, you cannot access that file without the Note: Keep in mind that passwords are case sensitive. Could not create temp file in the When updating files, PKZIP creates desired path, using current a temporary file for the files being directory instead compressed. While updating .ZIP files, PKZIP could not create that file in the specified location. Therefore, the file was put into the current directory. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX B: HOW PKZIP COMPRESSES FILES This appendix contains information on how PKZIP compresses information in your files. This information is not required reading for using PKZIP, but is a brief explanation of how PKZIP compresses information in a file. THE COMPRESSION PROCESS Compression is the process of representing a given piece of information with a smaller piece of information. When PKZIP compresses files, the size and form of the information changes but the "meaning" does not. Everything in your computer is "information." The more complex a message or piece of information is, the more information there is. Normally, we might think of information as something "useful." In world of data compression, information is thought of as data or "pieces of data." That is how PKZIP defines information. (For purposes of definition, we will use the word "message" to refer to a piece or entity of information.) If a message contains a small amount of information, it should be possible to represent that message in a smaller amount of space. Look at this page, for example. How much of the page is white space with no information (text or graphics) on it? If you took away all of the white space, this page would be about one-third smaller. How many times does the word "the" appear on this page? Or the words "information" or "compression?" If you could replace each of these words with something smaller, you could save a significant amount of space. "TRUE" INFORMATION CONTENT PKZIP is concerned with "true" information content, which means that it islooking for data or characters. To determine the "true" information content of a message, or "entropy," PKZIP uses Information Theory. This theory uses formulas to determine the entropy of a message. The goal is to represent the message as closely as possible in a smaller form, keeping in mind that the meaning of the message cannot be changed. Let's take the following sentence: She sells sea shells by the sea shore This sentence contains 37 characters, including spaces. The spaces cannot be thrown away, since that would change the meaning of the sentence. What can be consolidated are patterns and redundancies. For example, the patterns "se," "sh," and "ll's" appear several times throughout the sentence. In fact, the "se's" all have a space in front of them, so this pattern could be represented as " se" The following example illustrates these patterns: She_sells_sea_shells_by_the_sea_shore We can replace each of these patterns with a single character: # = " se" $ = "sh" % = "lls" Notice that the first pattern contains the space. If we reproduce the sentence with these symbols, it would look like the following: $e#%#a $e% by the#a $ore As you can see, the message appears to be a jumbled mess. But PKZIP knows what it means, and in the process, the new representation is 24 characters long, thus saving 13 characters (36%) from the original sentence.