---------------------------------- PKZFIND (tm) USER MANUAL ---------------------------------- Copyright (C) 1996 PKWARE, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any other language in whole or in part, in any form or by any means, whether it be electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, manual or otherwise, without prior written consent of PKWARE, Inc. PKWARE, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES AS TO THIS SOFTWARE, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, FUNCTIONALITY, DATA INTEGRITY OR PROTECTION. PKWARE, the PKWARE logo, and PKZIP are registered trademarks of PKWARE, Inc. PKZFIND is a trademark of PKWARE, Inc. Trademarks of other companies mentioned in this documentation appear for identification purposes only and are the property of their respective companies. USING PKZFIND PKZFIND can search for any file on your hard disk, including files that are in a .ZIP file (files compressed by PKZIP). You can tell PKZFIND to just search for a file, or search for a file "and" automatically move to the directory in which that file exists. With PKZFIND, you can search for: * A single file. * Multiple files. * Files that are contained in a .ZIP file. * Files that are contained in a self-extracting .ZIP file (.EXE files). * Directory names. You can also access multiple drives. Even if you don't know the exact name of a file, you can specify a partial filename and PKZFIND will find all files that match that file pattern. Whatever your file-finding needs, you can customize PKZFIND to fit those needs. Note: PKZFIND looks at files in "share" mode, meaning that it is compatible with network software and LANs. USING PKZFIND WITH DOS PKZFIND is command-line driven, which means that you type all of your commands at an operating system command prompt. PKZFIND uses the DOS operating system. For example, if your computer is currently on the C drive, you would type your PKZFIND commands at the following prompt: C:\> Because it uses the DOS command line, PKZFIND takes advantage of several DOS features. For example, you can tell PKZFIND to search in a specific directory or on a specific drive. You can also use such features as DOS wildcards (* or ?) to help PKZFIND further define your search. Although this is not a DOS manual, it does contain basic DOS information, as it pertains to using PKZFIND. If you've never used DOS, refer to your DOS documentation. The Sample Search Commands section at the end of this section contains several examples of file searches. Hopefully, these examples will closely fit your own file searching needs. THE pkzfind COMMAND The command you use to search for files is pkzfind. No matter what DOS conventions you use, pkzfind is always the first thing you type at the DOS prompt. UNDERSTANDING PKZFIND When PKZFIND finds an occurrence of the file that you request, it displays information about that file. It also allows you to continue the search for other occurrences, or end the search. This is handy when you specify a partial match, for example, if you want to search for all files that begin with the letter "B." Because there might be more files that begin with the letter B than can fit on one screen, displaying one file at a time prevents you from missing some of the files that PKZFIND finds. You can customize PKZFIND to display all files at once. Refer to ENHANCING YOUR SEARCH WITH PKZFIND OPTIONS for more information. WHERE CAN PKZFIND SEARCH? PKZFIND can search wherever you tell it to. You can search a specific drive on your computer, or in a specific directory. If you do not specify a drive or directory, PKZFIND automatically searches on the current drive that you're working on, and begins from the root directory. So even if you are a couple of directories deep on your drive, for example, \jobs\full\, PKZFIND searches "backwards" to the "\" directory. Note: The "root" directory is the highest directory level on a drive, often denoted as \ . For example, if you're on the C drive, it would be C:\. With PKZFIND, you can also search on more than one drive at the same time. Refer to the SEARCHING ON A DIFFERENT DRIVE and SEARCHING IN A SPECIFIC DIRECTORY sections under GETTING STARTED for more information. CANCELLING A SEARCH You can cancel your search at any time. To do so, hold down the Ctrl key and type c. The search stops and the DOS prompt appears. USING HELP Help for PKZFIND is always available. At the DOS prompt, type pkzfind -h and press ENTER. You can also just type pkzfind. Sometimes, when you type the pkzfind command incorrectly, help automatically appears on your screen. GETTING STARTED This section contains all the information you need to perform a simple search using PKZFIND. It also shows you what happens when PKZFIND finds a file and what happens when PKZFIND doesn't find a file. In this section, you will learn to: * Search for a single file. * Search for multiple files. SEARCHING FOR A SINGLE FILE To search for a file: 1. Start your computer. Make sure your screen is at a DOS prompt (for example, C:\). If you are running Windows, start a DOS window. 2. At the DOS prompt, type pkzfind, a space, and the name of the file you want to search for. For example, if you want to search for a file named resume.doc, you would type the following and press ENTER: pkzfind resume.doc If PKZFIND finds the file, the following happens: Version and copyright information appear, then the following prompt: /JOB/RESUME.DOC 4534 09-2-94 0:45:48 More (ynj)? The more (ynj)? prompt allows you to continue or stop your search. For information on how to respond to this prompt, go to step 3. PKZFIND displays the following information when it finds a file: * PKZFIND copyright information. * The directory in which the file is located. * The name of the file. * The size of the file in bytes. * The date and time the file was last modified. If PKZFIND doesn't find a file, the following happens: The following message appears: No files found Note: PKZFIND version and copyright information also appear. The DOS prompt appears. 3. To search for the next matching file, type y. PKZFIND continues to search. If another match is found, the information pertaining to that file is displayed and the following prompt appears: more (ynj)? If PKZFIND does not find another match, the following appears, followed by the DOS prompt: (x) files found. where x is the number of files found. To stop searching, type n. PKZFIND stops searching and the DOS prompt appears. To jump to the directory in which the file appears and stop searching Type j PKZFIND jumps to the directory in which the file appears and stops searching. The DOS prompt appears. SEARCHING FOR MULTIPLE FILES PKZFIND allows you to search for multiple files at one time. You can use one of the following methods: * Typing more than one filename. * Using DOS wildcards to specify a partial file pattern. TYPING MORE THAN ONE FILENAME To type more than one filename, put a space between each filename in your pkzfind command. For example, if you want to search for a file named RESUME.DOC and a file named letter.doc, you would type the following and press ENTER: pkzfind resume.doc letter.doc SPECIFYING A FILE PATTERN USING DOS WILDCARDS Sometimes when you're searching for a file, you're not sure of the entire name of the file, but know at least a partial name or the file extension (for example, .DOC). In this case, you can use the DOS wildcard symbol, the asterisk (*). For example, you might want to search for all files that contain the .DOC extension. To search for those files, you would type the following and press ENTER: pkzfind *.DOC This tells PKZFIND to search for all files on the current drive that end in .DOC. The asterisk indicates that the name of the file can be anything, as long as it ends in .DOC. For more information on DOS wildcards, refer to your DOS documentation. TELLING PKZFIND WHERE TO SEARCH Now that you've learned to do a basic file search with PKZFIND, the next step is to learn how to tell PKZFIND to search in a particular location, for example, a specific directory or drive. In this section, you will learn to: * Search on a different drive. * Search on multiple drives. * Search in a specific directory. SEARCHING ON A DIFFERENT DRIVE PKZFIND allows you to search on a drive other than the drive you are on. To search on a different drive, type the name of the drive after the filename. For example, if you want to search for the file named RESUME.DOC on the D: drive while you are on the C: drive, you would type the following and press ENTER: pkzfind resume.doc d: If you type only the drive letter with a backslash (\) and not a directory, PKZFIND starts the search in the root directory, which is \. For more information on DOS drives, refer to your DOS documentation. SEARCHING ON MULTIPLE DRIVES With PKZFIND, you can search on multiple drives at the same time. For example, if you know that the file named RESUME.DOC is either on the C drive or D drive, you could type the following and press ENTER: pkzfind resume.doc c: d: If the file resides on both drives, PKZFIND will find and display both occurrences of that file. SEARCHING IN A SPECIFIC DIRECTORY If you don't specify a directory in which to search, PKZFIND automatically starts to search from the root directory on your current drive (for example, C:\) and searches through every directory under that root directory. However, with PKZFIND, you can search in any directory that you want. For example, if you know that the file named RESUME.DOC is somewhere under a directory named jobs and you want PKZFIND to only search under that directory, you could type the following and press ENTER: pkzfind resume.doc \JOBS If the file you're searching for is on a different drive, for example, D:, you would type something similar to the following: pkzfind resume.doc d:\JOBS Note: Don't forget to put the backslash (\) before the name of the directory. When you specify directories using PKZFIND, follow the rules of DOS. For more information on DOS directories, refer to your DOS documentation. ENHANCING YOUR SEARCH WITH PKZFIND OPTIONS PKZFIND contains several options that help you enhance your file search. For example, you can tell PKZFIND to jump to the location at which it finds a file, or you can indicate that you only want PKZFIND to search inside .ZIP files. Each option is represented by a single letter that you include in the pkzfind command. You can also combine most of these options in a single command. (For a list of commands you cannot use together, refer to Options You Cannot Use Together.) The information that PKZFIND displays when it finds a file differs from option to option. For example, if you use the -b option (display only the filename), PKZFIND only displays the name of the file, not the size, date or time. If you use the -z option (search only in .ZIP files), PKZFIND displays the name of the .ZIP file "and" the file that you're searching for that is contained in that .ZIP file. The following is a list of PKZFIND options: -b Display only the filename -c List all matching files without stopping, and skip the more (ynj)? prompt Normally, PKZFIND searches one file at a time and gives you the opportunity to continue the search or stop the search. -d List directories that have the same name as the file(s) that you specified -j Jump to the drive and directory in which PKZFIND finds a file -z Search only in .ZIP files (for files that were compressed by PKZIP) -e Search also in self-extracting .ZIP files (.EXE files) -n Search only for files that are "not" contained in a .ZIP file You can also search for a file based on "size." You can specify bytes, kilobytes, or megabytes, depending on your needs. You can also specify a range of sizes. For example, you can search for all files that are larger than 100 bytes but smaller than 200 bytes. * To search for files that are equal to or "larger" than xxx bytes type a forward slash (/) "or" minus sign (-), a plus sign (+), and the number of bytes (for example, pkzfind /+555). PKZFIND finds all files that are equal to or larger than the number of bytes you type. * To search for files that are equal to or "smaller" than xxx "bytes," type forward slash (/) "or" minus sign (-), a minus sign (-), and the number of bytes (for example, pkzfind /-555). PKZFIND finds all files that are equal to or smaller than the number of bytes you type. * To search for files that fall within a size range, in "bytes" (for example, equal to or "larger" than 9500 bytes but smaller than or equal to 11,000 bytes), type a forward slash (/), a plus sign (+), the minimum number of bytes, a minus sign (-) and the maximum number of bytes (for example, pkzfind /+9500-11000). Do not put a space between the two values. Also, you can type the values in any order. For example, the maximum value first and the minimum value last (pkzfind /-11000+9500). You must put the forward slash in front of the "first" value you type. * To search for files that are equal to or "larger" than xxx kilobytes, type forward slash (/) "or" minus sign (-), a plus sign (+), the number of kilobytes, and the letter k. Do not put a space between the number and the letter (for example, pkzfind /+100k). * To search for files that fall within a size range, in "kilobytes" (for example, equal to or "larger" than 95 kilobytes but smaller than or equal to 110 kilobytes), type a forward slash (/), a plus sign (+), the minimum number of kilobytes, the letter k, a minus sign (-), the maximum number of kilobytes, and the letter k (for example, pkzfind /+95k-110k). Do not put a space between the two values. Also, you can type the values in any order. For example, the maximum value first and the minimum value last (pkzfind /-110k+95k). You must put the forward slash in front of the "first" value you type. * To search for files that are equal to or "larger" than xxx megabytes, type forward slash (/) "or" minus sign (-), a plus sign (+), the number of megabytes, and the letter m. Do not put a space between the number and the letter (for example, pkzfind /+10m). * To search for files that fall within a size range, in "megabytes" (for example, equal to or "larger" than 2 megabytes but smaller than or equal to 3 megabytes), type a forward slash (/), a plus sign (+), the minimum number of megabytes, the letter m, a minus sign (-), the maximum number of megabytes, and the letter m (for example, pkzfind /+2m-3m). Do not put a space between the two values. Also, you can type the values in any order. For example, the maximum value first and the minimum value last (pkzfind /-3m+2m). You must put the forward slash in front of the "first" value you type. For more information on the options listed above, refer to the appropriate sections in this file. For information on how to use these options, refer to the INCLUDING AN OPTION IN THE pkzfind COMMAND and USING MORE THAN ONE OPTION SIMULTANEOUSLY sections that follow. INCLUDING AN OPTION IN THE pkzfind COMMAND You can put a PKZFIND option anywhere in the command line, but it must be separated from other elements in the command (for example, a filename) by spaces. The example below uses the -d option, which allows you to search for directories. pkzfind -d resume.doc In this example, you also could have typed one of the following: pkzfind resume.doc -d pkzfind resume.doc /d pkzfind /d resume.doc USING MORE THAN ONE OPTION SIMULTANEOUSLY PKZFIND allows you to use more than one option in a single command. To combine options, type the options right next to each other in the pkzfind command, using one dash (-). Do not put a space between each option. For example, if you combined the -b (display only the name of the file) and -j (jump to a directory) options and are searching for the file RESUME.DOC, you would type the following and press ENTER: pkzfind -jb resume.doc You can type the options in any order. OPTIONS YOU CANNOT USE TOGETHER Some commands cannot be used simultaneously because they are not compatible. For example, you cannot use the -z and -n (search only for files that are not contained in a .ZIP file) options nor the -n and -e (search in self-extracting .ZIP files) options together. DISPLAYING FILENAMES ONLY Normally, when PKZFIND displays a file, it includes the name, size, date, and time for that file. When you use the -b option, PKZFIND only displays the name of the file. For example, if you type pkzfind -b resume.doc and PKZFIND finds the file named RESUME.DOC in the \work\jobs directory, your screen would look similar to the following: C:\> pkzfind -d resume.doc /WORK/JOBS/RESUME.DOC 1 file found. C:\> Note: PKZFIND version and copyright information also appears. DISPLAYING ALL MATCHING FILES AT ONCE Normally, PKZFIND displays one file at a time and prompts you if you want to search for more. When you use the -c option, PKZFIND displays all matching files at once and does not prompt you. Note: If you search for a file match and anticipate more than one screenful of matches, you might not want to use this option because some files might flash on and off your screen before you have a chance to see them. DISPLAYING DIRECTORIES WITH THE SAME NAME AS A FILE When you use the -d option, PKZFIND displays directories that have the same name as the file(s) you specified. For example, if you have a file named jobs and a directory named jobs, PKZFIND would display both and look similar to the following: C:\> pkzfind -b jobs /JOBS/ 08-23-94 12:24:34 /WORK/RESUME/JOBS 3792 10-12-94 10:02:28 1 file found. 1 directory found. C:\> The first line contains the directory name. Note: PKZFIND version and copyright information also appears. JUMPING TO A DIRECTORY IN WHICH A FILE WAS FOUND When you use the -j option, PKZFIND automatically jumps to the directory in which the file is located. For example, if you type pkzfind -j resume.doc and PKZFIND finds the file named RESUME.DOC in the \work\jobs directory, your screen would look similar to the following: C:\> pkzfind -j resume.doc /WORK/JOBS/RESUME.DOC 33792 10-12-94 10:02:28 1 file found. C:\WORK\JOBS> Note: PKZFIND version and copyright information also appears. Notice that you are now in the directory in which PKZFIND found the file (in this example, \work\jobs). SEARCHING FOR FILES CONTAINED IN .EXE FILES When you use the -e option, PKZFIND also searches for files that are contained in a self-extracting .ZIP file (a self-extracting .ZIP file that has a .EXE extension). When PKZFIND displays files that are contained in a self-extracting .ZIP file, those files appear indented under the name of the .EXE file. For example, if you have a file named RESUME.DOC that is contained in a self-extracting .EXE file named work.exe, your screen would look similar to the following: C:\> pkzfind -e resume.doc /WORK/*JOBS/WORK.EXE * RESUME.DOC 3792 10-12-94 10:02:28 1 file found. C:\> Note: PKZFIND version and copyright information also appears. SEARCHING ONLY FOR FILES CONTAINED IN A .ZIP FILE When you use the -z option, PKZFIND searches only for files that are contained in a .ZIP file. To include self-extracting .ZIP files in your search, use the -e option also. In the following example, the file named RESUME.DOC is displayed only because it is contained in a .ZIP file: C:\> pkzfind -z resume.doc /WORK/JOBS/TEMP.ZIP * RESUME.DOC 3792 10-12-94 10:02:28 1 file found. C:\> Note: PKZFIND version and copyright information also appears. SEARCHING ONLY FOR FILES NOT CONTAINED IN .ZIP FILES When you use the -n option, PKZFIND does not look in .ZIP files. For example, if the file named RESUME.DOC appeared in the \work\jobs directory in its regular form and in compressed form in a .ZIP file, PKZFIND displays only the non-zipped version, as shown in the following: C:\> pkzfind -n resume.doc /WORK/JOBS/RESUME.DOC 33792 10-12-94 10:02:28 1 file found. C:\> Note: PKZFIND version and copyright information also appears. SAMPLE SEARCH COMMANDS This section contains some sample PKZFIND search commands. The purpose of these samples is to show you some of the ways you can search for files, including the use of PKZFIND options. While browsing through these examples, you will notice that there is usually more than one way to type a command for the same search. All of these samples use an example file named RESUME.DOC. Each sample contains the following: * The search criteria used. * The command(s) that you can type. * A brief description of the sample. Sample 1 - Search on the current drive for a single file. pkzfind resume This is the simplest pkzfind command you can type. Sample 2 - Search on the current drive for any file that begins with any specific file pattern. pkzfind resume.* The DOS wildcard (*) indicates that the file can end in any text, as long as it begins with "resume." Sample 3 - Search on the current drive for any file that ends with the a specific extension. pkzfind *.doc The DOS wildcard (*) indicates that the filename can be anything, as long as the extension is .DOC. Sample 4 - Search for a file in a specific directory under the root directory (\). pkzfind resume.doc \work\jobs pkzfind resume.doc work\jobs pkzfind \work\jobs resume.doc pkzfind work\jobs resume.doc This sample assumes that you are typing from the root directory. Notice that you have the option of whether or not to begin the directory path with a backslash (\). Sample 5 - Search for a file in a sub-directory of the directory that is immediately above the directory you are in. pkzfind resume.doc ..\jobs pkzfind ..\jobs resume.doc The double periods (..) indicate that you want to search from the directory that appears above the directory that you are in. Sample 6 - Search for a file on the current drive and only display the filename (not the size, date, and time). pkzfind resume.doc -b pkzfind resume.doc /b pkzfind -b resume.doc pkzfind /b resume.doc You can use either the dash (-) or forward slash (/) to precede a PKZFIND option. Sample 7 - Search on a different drive. pkzfind resume.doc d: pkzfind d: resume.doc You must always include a colon (:) when specifying a drive. Sample 8 - Search on a different drive and specifying a directory in which to search. pkzfind d:\work\jobs resume.doc pkzfind resume.doc d:\work\jobs Sample 9 - Search on a different drive, include directories in your search, and request a continuous listing of files. pkzfind d: -cd resume.doc pkzfind resume.doc -cd d: pkzfind -cd resume.doc d: pkzfind -c -d resume.doc d: Sample 10 - Search for files that are larger than or equal to "xxx" bytes but smaller than or equal to "xxx" bytes pkzfind /+9500-11000 resume.doc pkzfind /-11000+9500 resume.doc